健康数据空间对于保障健康数据高效合规流通、释放健康数据战略资源价值具有重要作用。文章以欧洲健康数据空间（EHDS）为案例，首先从要素结构和关键作用机制两方面对其运营机理进行解构。其次，重点从主体、制度、技术三个维度分析运营中存在的挑战，并提出破解策略。研究认为：数据源、平台、主体、制度、技术是EHDS运营的五大要素，要素间交互协同，以实现健康数据跨境高效流通与利用；面向主体可信的权责调适、面向规则可信的引导规约、面向生态可信的内外保障是EHDS运营的三大关键作用机制；建构基于价值共创理念的数据利益共同体、夯实遵循刚柔并济原则的制度基础、打造响应敏捷迭代需求的活跃生态，是EHDS中存在的利益分配不均、制度活性不足、技术设计短板问题的破解策略。EHDS的建设对中国健康数据空间建设具有启示作用。

The health data space plays an important role in ensuring the efficient and compliant circulation of health data and releasing strategic resource value of health data .Taking the European Health Data Space (EHDS) as a case study, this article first deconstructs its operational mechanism from the perspectives of its element structure and key functional mechanisms. Secondly, it analyzes operational challenges from the perspectives of subjects, system, and technology, and proposes strategies to address them. Data sources, platforms, subjects, systems, and technologies are the five elements of EHDS operation. The elements interact and coordinate with each other to achieve efficient cross-border circulation and utilization of health data. The three key action mechanisms of EHDS operation are the adjustment of rights and responsibilities oriented toward subject trust, the guidance and norms oriented toward rule trust, and the internal and external guarantees oriented toward ecological trust. Building a data community of interests based on the concept of value co-creation, consolidating the institutional foundation that follows the principle of combining rigidity and flexibility, and creating an active ecosystem that responds to agile iteration needs constitute the solutions to uneven distribution of benefits, insufficient institutional vitality, and technical design shortcomings in EHDS. The construction of the EHDS has enlightenment significance for the development of China's Health Data Space.