人工智能作为新一轮科技革命的核心驱动力，正在通过颠覆性应用深刻改变社会生产方式和信息生态。文章从情报学视角出发，系统地探讨了人工智能颠覆性应用的内涵、特征、社会影响、问题及对策等基本问题。首先，界定了人工智能颠覆性应用的内涵，在此基础上提炼出以数据为中心、新颖性、前沿性、经济性、易用性、长期性、高风险性、高影响力等八大特征。其次，通过典型案例分析了人工智能颠覆性应用在提升生产效率、优化公共服务等方面的积极影响，以及在就业结构调整、数字鸿沟扩大等方面的消极影响。最后，分析了人工智能颠覆性应用存在的问题，包括场景应用的广度和深度不充分、场景应用的双刃效应、场景应用中数据质量不高，并探讨了解决问题的对策和建议。

As the core driving force of the new round of technological revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming societal production models and information ecosystems through its disruptive applications.  From the perspective of information science, this paper systematically explores fundamental issues related to the disruptive applications of AI, including their connotations, characteristics, social impacts, challenges, and countermeasures. First, it defines the connotation of AI's disruptive applications and identifies eight key characteristics: data-centricity, novelty, cutting-edge innovation, economic efficiency, user-friendliness, long-term sustainability, high-risk potential, and profound influence. Subsequently, through typical case studies, the paper analyzes the positive impacts of AI's disruptive applications, such as enhancing production efficiency and optimizing public services, as well as their negative consequences, including employment restructuring and widening digital divide. Finally, it examines existing challenges in AI's disruptive applications, such as insufficient breadth and depth of scenario adoption, the dual-edged effects of applications, and suboptimal data quality, while proposing corresponding solutions and recommendations.