国家一流大学和一流学科建设背景下，客观、科学的学科评价方法对于学科建设的引导至关重要，但目前主流学术评价以英文为导向，中文学术评价则仍以期刊为单位，不能反应学科进展的基本状况，因此研究中文学术论文对学科的贡献值得重点关注。为明确适宜用于学科评价的文献发表年限范围，在探讨文献老化现象及其测度指标与实证研究现状的基础上，文章以6608种中文学术期刊为对象，采集并整理了2003年-2023年的3899万篇中文学术论文，及其引用这些论文的3507万篇引文的大样本数据，结合文献情报相关理论和数据分析，提出学科活跃期的概念，依据概念计算出国务院学位办公布的所有一级学科的活跃期。实证结果表明，学科活跃期的概念和计算方法具有科学性和合理性，与预判的大致学期活跃期规律基本一致，符合最初的科学假设，不仅仅首次用大样本数据计算出各个学科的活跃期，同时也可以在人才评判、趋势研判、学科绩效评价中，根据不同学科的活跃期选取科学的时间范围等研究提供重要理论和事实依据。

 In the context of building first-class universities and disciplines, objective and scientific disciplinary evaluation methods are crucial for guiding discipline development. However, current mainstream academic evaluations are English-oriented, while Chinese academic evaluations still focus on journals, which fail to reflect the basic status of discipline progress. Therefore, research on the contribution of Chinese academic papers to disciplines deserves particular attention. To determine the appropriate time range for literature publication in disciplinary evaluation, this article, based on the phenomenon of literature aging and the current state of empirical research and measurement indicators, uses a sample of 6,608 Chinese academic journals. It collects and organizes 38.99 million Chinese academic papers published between 2003 and 2023, as well as 35.07 million citations of these papers, forming a large dataset. Combining theories of bibliometrics and data analysis, the article proposes the concept of the "active period" of a discipline and calculates the active period for all first-level disciplines listed by the State Council's Academic Degrees Committee. Empirical results show that the concept and calculation method of the discipline's active period are scientific and reasonable, aligning closely with the expected pattern of discipline activity, and confirming the initial scientific hypothesis. This study not only calculates the active periods for various disciplines using large sample data for the first time, but also provides important theoretical and empirical evidence for research in areas such as talent evaluation, trend analysis, and disciplinary performance assessment, allowing for the selection of appropriate time frames based on the active periods of different disciplines.