开放科学呈加速发展态势，因此掌握相关国际政策进展对开放科学的发展具有参考意义。文章梳理了国际上主要的开放科学政策发展情况。联合国教科文组织通过的《开放科学建议书》，首次为开放科学确立了通用定义、核心价值、原则与主要领域，是开放科学政策取得国际共识的标志；欧盟以“地平线2020”计划为核心，形成了完整的开放科学政策体系；英国、美国实现开放存取从“请求”到“要求”再到“强制”的政策演进。开放科学已经演变为一项国际公共政策，各国正在形成有竞争力的开放科学标准，国际开放科学政策得到广泛采纳，但发展还不平衡。我国要以高水平自立自强为根本推进开放科学政策发展，应通过资源优势，积极参与国际开放科学发展进程，构建可信高水平开放科学，发挥科学的社会功能，完善多元利益方共建机制，防止新型资源垄断，保障开放数据安全。

In recent years, the development of open science has accelerated. It is of reference significance for China to grasp the new progress of international policy. This study combs the development of major open science policies in the world. According to the survey, UNESCO has established a common definition, values, principles and core areas for open science for the first time through the Open Science Recommendation, which is a sign of international consensus on the open science policy. With the "Horizon 2020" plan as the core, the EU has formed a complete open science policy system. Britain and the United States realized the policy revolution from "request" to "require" and then to " mandatory ". The survey found that open science has evolved into an international public policy; Countries are forming competitive open science standards; The international open science policy has been widely adopted, but its development is still uneven. China should promote the development of open science policy based on high level of self-reliance; We should actively participate in the development process of international open science through resource advantages; Build a credible and high-level open science and give full play to the social functions of science; Improve the co-construction mechanism of multiple stakeholders, prevent the monopoly of new resources, and ensure the security of open data.