全球竞合关系下聚焦数据生产要素和数字化交易工具的跨境数据贸易是后疫情时代数字生态建设的关键支撑。跨境数据贸易逐渐呈现出内容庞杂、技术密集、正向清单覆盖不足以及成本低廉等特征。传统的经贸规则与谈判机制无力解决数据贸易链上确权难、定价难、互信难与监管难等问题。不同国家和地区在地缘因素、文化传统、科技水平以及产业数字化转型状况等持续影响下秉持差异化的利益诉求，相关国际规约呈现出国别调控割裂化、多双边规则殊别化、区域性规制社群化与开放式规范零散化的复杂格局。我国亟待立足国家大数据发展战略，打造基于安全发展宗旨的跨境数据贸易规制的顶层设计，积极探索主导建设全球统一的数据承载介质标准、跨境通路管控机制、交付主体行为限定以及交易流程监督管理等的具体路径。

Cross-border data trade focusing on data production factors and digital trading tools in the context of global competition and cooperation is a key support for the construction of digital ecology in the post-pandemic era. It is gradually characterized by extensive participation, diverse content, intensive process technology, insufficient coverage of forward lists, and low actual cost. The traditional economic and trade rule system and negotiation mechanism are unable to solve the problems of right confirmation, pricing, mutual trust and supervision in the cross-border trade chain of data. Based on geopolitical factors, the cultural traditions, the level of data science and technology, the status of the digital transformation of industries, countries and regions have different interest requirements. The related regulations show a complex pattern of fragmentation of national regulation, specialization of multilateral and bilateral rules, socialization of regional regulations and fragmentation of open norms. Based on the security development strategy, China urgently needs to improve the top-level design of cross-border data trade regulation and actively explore the data bearing medium standard, cross-border channel control mechanism, delivery subject behavior restriction and transaction process supervision sandbox in line with interests.