In the era of digital intelligence, the widespread adoption of digital technologies has promoted social development while intensifying digital addiction in online environments such as social media and short-video platforms. Digital addiction has thus emerged as a global challenge with significant implications for psychology, information science, and social governance. Drawing on a systematic literature review, this paper synthesizes international and domestic research published over the past decade and examines the conceptual evolution, multidimensional antecedents, and intervention strategies of digital addiction from three perspectives: individual psychological mechanisms, digital technology and algorithm characteristics, and institutional and regulatory contexts. The review indicates that digital addiction arises from the interaction among psychological needs, algorithm-driven recommendation systems, and regulatory gaps. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential role of digital literacy education and library-based social services in the prevention and mitigation of digital addiction. On this basis, an integrated governance framework encompassing risk early warning, behavioral guidance, and social collaboration is proposed.