In the era of algorithm-driven digital intelligence, enhancing the algorithmic literacy of library and information professionals is crucial for strengthening algorithm governance and advancing the transformation toward smart services. Revealing the pathways through which technological identity influences algorithmic literacy can provide new perspectives for national talent cultivation and algorithmic risk prevention. Integrating adaptive structuration theory and the technology acceptance model, an evaluation framework was constructed that includes factors influencing technological identity and measures of algorithmic literacy. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys and empirically analyzed using SPSS for hypothesis testing. The study found that technological identity significantly and positively influences algorithmic literacy. Among these pathways, usage preconditions indirectly affect algorithmic literacy through the mediating roles of usage expectations, application status, planned innovation, and certain mediating variables play a complete mediating role in the influence paths. While application status has a negative impact on algorithmic awareness.