The National Data Element Comprehensive Pilot Zones are regional innovative pilot zones in China aimed at promoting the market-oriented allocation of data elements and achieving efficient circulation and value release of data resources. There is an urgent need to optimize provincial (and municipal) data element market policies to improve the overall institutional framework and drive high-quality digital economic growth. By introducing the Policy Synergy Index (PSI), this paper examines how provincial-level data element market policies within the National Data Element Comprehensive Pilot Zones implement and align with central government policies, and employs the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) index model to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses, thereby proposing optimization recommendations for these policies. The findings indicate that the policies exhibit broad synergy, comprehensive coverage, and ample deployment of policy instruments; however, they underperform in synergy intensity, policy efficacy, policy type diversity, and policy subject diversity. Optimization should therefore focus on deepening policy transformation, enhancing policy predictability, strengthening synergistic effects, avoiding policy homogenization, and perfecting the overall policy architecture.