As the core driving force of the new round of technological revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming societal production models and information ecosystems through its disruptive applications.  From the perspective of information science, this paper systematically explores fundamental issues related to the disruptive applications of AI, including their connotations, characteristics, social impacts, challenges, and countermeasures. First, it defines the connotation of AI's disruptive applications and identifies eight key characteristics: data-centricity, novelty, cutting-edge innovation, economic efficiency, user-friendliness, long-term sustainability, high-risk potential, and profound influence. Subsequently, through typical case studies, the paper analyzes the positive impacts of AI's disruptive applications, such as enhancing production efficiency and optimizing public services, as well as their negative consequences, including employment restructuring and widening digital divide. Finally, it examines existing challenges in AI's disruptive applications, such as insufficient breadth and depth of scenario adoption, the dual-edged effects of applications, and suboptimal data quality, while proposing corresponding solutions and recommendations.