Based on Chinese General Social Survey 2017 data and Global Digital Literacy Framework, this study constructs an evaluation index system for citizens' digital literacy, establishes an ordered Probit model for regression analysis, and systematically explores the impact of digital literacy on citizens' class identification. The results show that: Digital literacy positively affects citizens' subjective class identification; Digital literacy can enhance citizens' subjective class identity by improving the stock of social capital and human capital and reducing the sense of relative deprivation. Except for male citizens, digital literacy is more conducive to enhancing the subjective class identity of the digital advantaged groups (young and middle-aged citizens, urban citizens, and citizens with high educational attainment), while it has limited effect on the subjective class identity of digital disadvantaged groups, thus revealing the inequality in the development process of digital society. Digital literacy can reduce the risk of downward class identity and promote the perception of upward class mobility, but has no significant impact on the expectation of class mobility. Therefore, it is urgent to activate the path of enhancing class identity through digital literacy with a comprehensive popularization system, strengthen the connection between digital literacy and class identity through diversified resource channels, narrow the group differences in digital literature-driven class identity through differentiated popularization strategies and accelerate the construction of an inclusive development path of digital literacy to facilitate digital intelligence era of citizens' development and social progress.