In order to promote the healthy development of generative artificial intelligence and prevent its potential risks, this paper constructs a generative artificial intelligence governance framework based on the full life cycle, aiming to achieve the harmonious unity of technological progress and social value through the governance coordination of technical elements and subject elements. First, through literature analysis, the paper divides the risks of generative artificial intelligence into three categories: technical security risks, social ethics and legal risks, and information dissemination risks, and clarifies the specific manifestations of these risks at various stages of the full life cycle; secondly, the technical elements of governance are analyzed from three aspects: data resources, computing resources, and algorithm models, and the subject elements of governance are analyzed from three levels: government, enterprise, and society; thirdly, based on the risk manifestations at each stage and the analysis of technical and subject elements, a generative artificial intelligence governance framework is constructed from the perspective of the full life cycle; finally, based on the governance framework, the paper conducts an in-depth discussion of typical cases of generative artificial intelligence in false information dissemination cases and national supervision, demonstrating the practical feasibility and effectiveness of the framework, in order to provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the comprehensive governance of generative artificial intelligence.