Research integrity is the cornerstone of scientific and technological innovation, and the policy of research integrity is a strong institutional guarantee for improving the mechanism of research integrity. This paper aims to deeply explore the responsibility subjects and the distribution of responsibilities of research integrity construction in China from the policy of scientific research integrity. Based on the research life cycle theory, 69 policy documents were included for thematic analysis through systematic literature searching and literature screening. Policy document analysis indicates that government at all levels and relevant industry regulatory authorities are the leaders in the construction of research integrity. Various research and management institutions serve as the administrators of research integrity construction, while various research and management personnel act as practitioners. Different responsible entities have varying responsibilities at different stages of the research life cycle. This research helps clarify the responsible entities and the distribution of responsibilities in research integrity construction in China, providing valuable insights for advancing research integrity policy development and gaining a deeper understanding of the practical aspects of research integrity system construction in China.