This study aims to clarify how users' digital capital and social capital influence collaborative value creation behaviors in virtual tourism communities. Through a survey, data on users' digital capital, social capital, and collaborative value creation behaviors were collected, and the data were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. The results indicate: User digital access is not directly related to their collaborative value creation behaviors; however, digital literacy has a significant positive impact. The accumulation of user digital capital contributes to the continuous growth of their social capital, with digital access and digital literacy having a significant positive impact on structural, relational, and cognitive social capital. User structural and cognitive social capital positively influence their collaborative value creation behaviors, while relational social capital has a negative impact. This research provides theoretical support and practical insights for enhancing collaborative value creation among users in virtual tourism communities.