In view of the lack of theory and single perspective of conservation and preservation (C&P) of documents research, taking C&P of documents as a kind of practice and paying attention to it from the perspective of relationship under the framework of Social Practice Theory can provide new ideas for C&P of documents and related research. Focusing on the construction of the field of C&P of documents practice, this paper designs the steps and methods under the framework of Social Practice Theory. It is found that the C&P of documents practice has undergone a field shift since it entered the 21st century, from the original field of cultural heritage protection to the field of inheritance and development of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Along with this field shift, the practice measures of C&P of documents are increasingly diversified, thus a new C&P of documents typology framework is constructed. The research further found that the protection action circle around the document as the object of C&P is constantly expanding, and both the existing or new actors in the circle of action need to rethink how to maintain or obtain a better position in the new field.