The main way for think tanks in “Society 5.0” to improve the scientific nature of decision-making consulting research is to respond to the national strategy of digital social science construction, and transform the traditional expert-driven think tanks into data-driven think tanks. The construction paradigm of data-driven think tanks includes social culture and policy environment layer, core concept and top-level design layer, think tank business operation and communication layer and data base layer. Think tanks need to promote data-driven transformation in terms of strengthening important cognition and policy supply, accumulating data assets, promoting innovation and transformation of business models, emphasizing the construction and application of the data intelligence “toolbox”, optimizing the allocation of data talents, and strengthening the establishment of data teams.