The first half of the 20th century was an important period for the introduction and localization of the Western concept of “camp library” in China. The article summarizes the difficult process of Chinese people's theoretical cognition, path construction, and practical exploration of “camp library” before and after the Anti-Japanese War, summarizes the practical value of camp library, and analyzes its impact and shortcomings. The development process of "camp library" coincided with the overall pursuit of the ideal of“strengthening the military and consolidating the country” in modern China, and reflected the strong nationalistic consciousness of some Chinese people, especially the library circle, and the mission of saving the nation from extinction.