In the Dunhuang grotto frescoes, painted sculptures and silk paintings of Cangjingdong, the artistic representations closely related to the activities of reading books. The "Corporal Punishment Xuelang Painting" in Dunhuang murals vividly reproduces the historical scene of school education in the middle ages. From the perspective of art, which has close relationship to the life history. Combined with the traditional literature and excavated texts from the perspective of knowledge transmission and acceptance, this paper focuses on the reading place, purpose of reading and identity of the teacher. At the same time, it also pays attention to the details of the size and binding form of reading materials. A comprehensive investigation in the life history of ancient society is of great significance for understanding the specific form of the development of the history of ancient Chinese books and the contemporary exploitation and utilization of the resources of ancient educational history.