Cross-border data trade focusing on data production factors and digital trading tools in the context of global competition and cooperation is a key support for the construction of digital ecology in the post-pandemic era. It is gradually characterized by extensive participation, diverse content, intensive process technology, insufficient coverage of forward lists, and low actual cost. The traditional economic and trade rule system and negotiation mechanism are unable to solve the problems of right confirmation, pricing, mutual trust and supervision in the cross-border trade chain of data. Based on geopolitical factors, the cultural traditions, the level of data science and technology, the status of the digital transformation of industries, countries and regions have different interest requirements. The related regulations show a complex pattern of fragmentation of national regulation, specialization of multilateral and bilateral rules, socialization of regional regulations and fragmentation of open norms. Based on the security development strategy, China urgently needs to improve the top-level design of cross-border data trade regulation and actively explore the data bearing medium standard, cross-border channel control mechanism, delivery subject behavior restriction and transaction process supervision sandbox in line with interests.