Data resources with huge volumes, complex types, and diverse values are strategic innovation elements. They have gradually become a new lever to incite all-around growth of finance and trade, education and technology, culture and military, etc. They are also continuously increasing risks to national security, corporate interests, and individual rights in the extensive circulation beyond geographical boundaries. It results in countries and regions gradually restricting or prohibiting cross-border data flows. It is urgent to compare the European Union’s conservative prevention in advance, the United States’ active post-relief, China’s cautious whole-process governance logic based on national dimensions and extend to the regional dimension of the United States’ digital alliance, China’s digital community, and the global fragmented governance, so as to outline the top-level design of cross-border data security governance under the guidance of China’s holistic approach to national security. It is important to implement the principle of placing equal emphasis on development and security, strengthen the assessment of cross-border data security capabilities, establish a centralized cross-border data supervision mechanism, explore a Chinese scheme to improve the system of cross-border data governance rules, and jointly build a community with a shared future in the digital space.