The openness and sharing of government information and data are interrelated historical processes of institutional change. Government information publicity aims to protect citizens' right to know, while government data openness aims to promote government data as a factor of production to produce innovative value. The goal of government information and data sharing is to improve the collaborative governance capability of the government. On the basis of concept discrimination, policy review and literature analysis, this paper proposes that: the historical approach of government information publicity research is legitimacy-publicity method-effectiveness, and its research objects have moved along the path of the government-information-the public; The research approach of government data opening is value-risk-effect; The research approach of government information and data sharing is obstacle-countermeasure-technical realization. In the multidisciplinary research system, information science research mainly focuses on information related issues and the interaction between the public and government information and data. With the maturity of the system and technology, the focus of related research is shifting from "should or should not?" and "how?" to“good or not good?”, providing new opportunities for information science research. In the future, research from the perspective of information science should combine public value orientation with market value orientation, and focus on issues such as data governance, effective public access to government information and data, etc.