With the in-depth development of economic globalization, the boundary of scientific and technological innovation has become increasingly blurred or even broken. The role of intellectual property in global market competition is increasingly prominent. Many countries take intellectual property as an important tool to seize the commanding positions in the future to maximize economic, political and cultural benefits, which continues to deepen our understanding of intellectual property as strategic resources. This paper summarizes the main challenges faced by the intellectual property development of Chinese universities and colleges under the open innovation environment. From the perspective of the development environment, institutional system, professional organization, property rights protection, and service system of universities and colleges, it sorts out the problems with the conclusions that the overall quality of intellectual property in universities and colleges, professional institutions, application benefits, risk prevention, and service supply need to be improved. Finally, it explores the development paths for promoting the high-quality development of intellectual property in universities and colleges in China.