During the period of the republic of China, library science education was brewed and founded in difficulties, developed hard in turbulence, and moved forward with heavy load during the war. But library science education still made remarkable achievements. This paper reviews the arduous process of library science education in Boone Library School, Shanghai National University, University of Nanking, Jiangsu Provincial College of Education, National Society Education College and Peking University during the period of the republic of China. This paper summarizes the important achievements of these library science education institutions in personnel training, academic research and social services. This paper holds that the history of library science education during the period of the Republic of China has important enlightenment significance to today's library science education.