This paper sorts out that the establishment and operation of Gansu provincial mass education museum and all other mass education museums in all cities and counties during the period of Republic of China. It also analyzes the system, its budget economy and the personnel basis of the construction of Gansu provincial mass education museum. Their social value is also discussed in the paper. It is believed that the mass education Museum has played a positive role in carrying out social education，enriching people's life style，elevating the national consciousness，and promoting the modernization of Chinese social cities.