Based on analysis of the severe challenges faced by the national scientific and technological intelligence work from the perspective of national security, the author believed that the fierce international scientific and technological competition situation and changes in the big data information environment have brought serious challenges to the national scientific and technological intelligence work. The paper reviewed the strategic planning and policy measures of the United States and other countries focusing on data resources and management, analysis methods and technologies, management coordination and organization in order to improve the international science and technology competitiveness, then pointed out three main problems that our country's information work faces: The development mode of "information science" and "intelligence work" is separated; In the construction of think tanks and science and technology information system, there is more "library" and less "intelligence"; The major strategic demands of international competition and national security call for the reconstruction of the top-down organization system of national information work. Based on this, it is proposed that China should establish and improve the development system of scientific and technological information to meet the changes of information environment, scientific and technological competition and the needs of national security: To establish a national security intelligence concept with a more prominent sense of competition; To establish the organization system and overall planning mechanism of the national science and technology information work; To perfect the project support system, personnel training system and business exchange system of science and technology information research; To promote the integration research of science and technology information and science and technology strategy.