Science and technology policy, as an important means to improve science and technology competitiveness, has attracted unprecedented attention of countries all over the world. The effect evaluation of science and technology policy has become an important research content of many disciplines, including information science. This paper summarizes the main schools and mainstream methods of science and technology policy effect evaluation, and analyzes the development trends of science and technology policy effect evaluation. Meanwhile, the paper holds that effect evaluation will become the core of science and technology policy evaluation in the future, and adopting automatic evaluation methods, making full use of big data resources, expanding evaluation information sources and developing new evaluation indicators will be the main development direction of science and technology policy effect evaluation.