The big data environment has made intelligence information increasingly complex. The establishment of a scientific and reasonable science and technology think tank intelligence information sharing system is of great significance for providing high-quality and convenient services for scientific research and government decision-making. This article is based on the actual needs of science and technology think tanks in the context of big data. First, the content of science and technology think tanks and the basic functions and status of science and technology think tanks were analyzed from the perspectives of the types and evolution of think tanks; Secondly, combined with the development status of domestic and foreign science and technology think tanks, the construction of typical science and technology think tanks and the information sharing content and mode of science and technology think tanks, the existing problems and opportunities of the information sharing system of science and technology think tanks in my country was pointed out, and then, the basic structure of the information sharing system of science and technology think tanks was constructed; Finally, from the aspects of information resource content structure, sharing object and sharing mode, respectively, corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the information sharing system of science and technology think tanks.