With the advent of data-intensive scientific research paradigm, scientific data have become an important part of infrastructure of global science system, and also important strategic resources for social economic development and commanding heights of national scientific innovation and competition. In order to maintain competitive advantage, all countries, especially American and European countries are making a series of policies, regulations and guidebooks about science data management to promote the development of science and technology in respective countries and regions. Through a systematic combing of important American and European policies about science data management, the author put forward suggestions for our country to construct comprehensive policies so as to improve the level of data utilization and sharing.