On the basis of an overview of the global scientific and technological award system, representative government scientific and technological awards in major developed countries were selected. Secondly,  focus was on analyzing the main characteristics of these representative awards from several dimensions: field-oriented, reward form, assessment criteria, and selection process. Then, it was found that the government scientific and technological award system in different countries was diversified and hierarchical, and there were similarities and differences. Finally, by clarifying the experiences and advantages of the government scientific and technological award system in major developed countries, some suggestions were provided: to re-establish the strategic orientation of government scientific and technological awards; to reduce the number of government scientific and technological awards; to reclassify and establish types of scientific and technological awards; to standardize the selection process and assessment quality of government scientific and technological awards; to improve policies to promote the overall development of social scientific and technological awards.