The scientific data literacy competency index system combining qualitative description and quantitative evaluation were constructed to provide scientific evaluation standards and quantitative evaluation tools for conducting all-round and targeted scientific data literacy survey. Based on the literature research and the study on the localization characteristics of scientific data literacy, the index system was initially constructed, and Delphi method was used to carry out two rounds of expert consultation, and the content of each index was determined by evaluating the necessity and clarity of each index, then AHP was used to determine the index weight by calculating the expert score. Finally, the scientific data literacy competency index system composed of 3 dimensions, 18 first-level indexes and 47 second-level indexes were constructed, and the weight values were given to the dimensions and first-level indicators, so as to ensure the scientificity, universality, foresight and operability of the index system.