With the wide application of digital technology in economic activities, the digital economy has eliminated the spatial margin of traditional regional development and has become one of the new kinetic energy of China's current economic development. Focusing on the evolution and characteristics of the digital economy, this paper starts from the essence of China's rural poverty problem from the perspective of digital economy, and uses the information ecosystem theory to construct the basic framework of rural information poverty alleviation ecosystem from three aspects: information itself, information subject and information environment. From the supply and demand of information, the transformation of information and the realization of value, the mechanism of information poverty alleviation is analyzed. On this basis, the optimization path of information poverty alleviation is proposed, in order to share the “digital dividend” of digital economic development in poverty-stricken areas.