Human-computer interaction technology is an important research content in the field of Digital Library in the era of artificial intelligence, and it is also one of the key technologies in the construction of ancient South China Sea chart digital library. By analyzing the challenges and opportunities faced by digital libraries in the era of artificial intelligence, this paper probes into the development process and research status of human-computer interaction technology in digital libraries, and constructs an intelligent human-computer interaction technology system for digital libraries. This paper analyzes the intelligent environment and takes the ancient South China Sea chart as an example to study its intelligent man-machine interaction application system.Intelligent human-computer interaction technology system can transform user's psychology, behavior and state (input) and digital library's information and knowledge (output) into mutual understanding knowledge content by means of natural and intelligent information metaphor, thus realizing natural, flexible and intelligent human-computer interaction mode.