The paper reports the related advances in impacts of big data on the core elements of governance, the opportunities and challenges by big data for governance, and the cases of governance in perspective of big data. Based on the literature review, a theory model of governance system is developed. It is composed of subjects and objects of governance, and big data oriented governing methodology and process. The governance framework based on big data is illustrated with the case of Xishui Highway cave-in accident in Guizhou.