Promoting interagency government data sharing (IDS) could promote government scientific decision-making and the innovation of administrative service. Based on Data Stickiness Theory, this study explores influencing factors of data stickiness and their interrelationships from aspects of data sharing willingness, data sharing ability, data articulate ability, data residence, and data absorptive capacity in the process of IDS. This study conducts a questionnaire targeted at government employees working in the government of a county-level city in Central China. The structural Equation Model Method is used to test research hypotheses. The analysis shows that data sharing willingness can indirectly affect data stickiness by directly affecting data sharing ability, data articulate ability, data residence, and data absorptive ability. Data sharing ability, data articulate ability, data residence, and data absorptive ability can all directly affect data stickiness. Data sharing ability can directly affect data absorptive capacity positively. Data articulate ability can directly affect data residence negatively. Based on research results, this study puts forward that governments should strengthen organization and leadership, optimize and coordinate platform construction, improve employees’ data literacy and improve data catalogues to promote IDS in China.