非共识是驱动科研创新的核心要素，其与共识的循环转化构成科学进步的内在动力。非共识论文作为承载此类创新成果的关键载体，亟需学术界予以更多关注与研究。文章从概念内涵、形成机制与演化过程三个维度，对非共识论文展开探讨。研究发现，非共识论文具有强原创性、高争议性、高风险性与高潜在回报性等显著特征。在此基础上，研究提炼出包括同行评议差异统计与文本相似度计算在内的特征计量方法，并对其应用前景进行展望。

Non-consensus is a core driver of scientific innovation, and its cyclical transformation with consensus constitutes the internal dynamic for scientific progress. As a key carrier for such innovative outcomes, non-consensus papers require more attention and research from the academic community. This paper conducts a systematic exploration of non-consensus papers from the dimensions of conceptual connotation, formation mechanisms, and evolutionary processes. The study finds that non-consensus papers are characterized by high originality, contentiousness, risk, and potential returns. Building on this, the study proposes a suite of feature computation methods, including peer review divergence statistics and text similarity calculation, and discusses their potential applications.