厘清预印本平台与学术期刊的共性与差异，促进二者的融合共生，有助于构建更为高效和开放的科学交流生态。文章通过文献调查和网络调研，基于对科学知识交流过程的辨析，构建科学社会学视角下的科学知识交流框架，进而将预印本平台与学术期刊置于其中，系统考察二者的共性与差异。研究发现，二者的共性在于选择性保存和积累科学知识、差序化呈现和传播科学知识、以促进知识创新为核心目的、以获得同行认可为运作动力等方面；差异则体现于科学知识审查与筛选、科学知识发布与确权、所构建科学知识场域、学界认可与资源保障等方面。在此基础上，文章以默顿提出的科学的制度性规范为指引，建议通过动态评审、资源集成、协同传播、构建多维评价体系等措施，促进预印本平台和学术期刊的融合共生。

Clarifying the commonalities and differences between preprint platforms and academic journals and fostering their integration and symbiosis will help build a more efficient and open scientific communication ecosystem. Based on literature reviews and online research, and grounded in the analysis of the scientific knowledge communication process, this paper constructs a framework for scientific knowledge exchange from a sociology of science perspective. It then incorporates preprint platforms and academic journals into this framework to systematically examine their commonalities and differences. The findings reveal that their commonalities lie in the selective preservation and accumulation of scientific knowledge, the differential presentation and dissemination of scientific knowledge, taking the promotion of knowledge innovation as the core purpose, and taking peer recognition as the operational driving force. Their differences are reflected in the review and screening of scientific knowledge, the publication and right confirmation of scientific knowledge, the constructed scientific knowledge field, academic community recognition, and resource guarantee. Building on the above findings and guided by Merton’s institutional norms of science, this paper suggests adopting measures such as dynamic review, resource integration, collaborative dissemination, and constructing a multidimensional evaluation system to promote the integration and symbiosis of preprint platforms and academic journals.