核心业务是图书馆实现基本职能与社会职能、发挥效能、创造价值的业务。在数字化转型环境下，核心业务创新是实现图书馆事业高质量发展的关键变量。文章基于文献调研、统计数据、案例分析、实地观察等，分析了图书馆核心业务发展实践及相关挑战，从风险规制视角提出图书馆核心业务创新策略。研究发现，数字化转型环境下，图书馆面临核心业务配置、成本、效能、专业化、评估等风险。为推动更高质量发展，图书馆应科学合理地确定核心业务范围，加强核心业务资源投入，改革核心业务流程，完善核心业务治理，推动核心业务与相关业务协调发展。

The core business is the main business of libraries to achieve basic and social functions, realize library efficiency, and create library value. In the context of digital transformation, core business innovation is a key variable for achieving high-quality development of the library industry. The paper based on literature research, statistical data, case analysis, field observation, etc., this paper analyzes the development practices and related challenges of library core business, and proposes innovative strategies for library core business from the perspective of risk regulation. Research has found that in the digital transformation environment, libraries face risks such as core business configuration, cost, efficiency, specialization, and evaluation. To promote higher quality development, libraries should scientifically and reasonably determine the scope of core business, strengthen the investment of core business resources, reform core business processes, improve core business governance, and promote the coordinated development of core business and related businesses.