算法，作为人、信息、资源的重要连接方式，正融入我国图书馆智慧化进程，重塑着三者的结构关系和互动规则。然而，算法的“非中立性”给图书馆的数据处理和服务带来挑战，审视和梳理算法在智慧图书馆信息服务中的负面影响具有重要意义。文章引入批判算法研究理论并以此为分析框架，从三方面回答了智慧图书馆风险：信息偏差、文化遮蔽和主体性缺失。随后，揭示风险形成的内在原因，包括算法偏差风险链、算法价值观偏见和算法的隐匿控制。最后提出算法共建、文化共创、制度共识的风险防御建议，以实现提供有效信息服务、增强文化认知的目标。

Algorithms, as an important way of connecting people, information, and resources, are being integrated into the intelligent process of libraries in China, reshaping the structural relationship and interactive rules among them. However, the "non-neutrality" of algorithms brings challenges to the data processing and service of libraries, so it has great significance to examine and sort out negative effects of algorithms during information service processes of smart libraries. Firstly, this article introduces critical algorithm theory and takes it as an analytical framework to explore risks of smart libraries from three aspects: information bias, cultural masking, and the lack of subjectivity. Subsequently, internal reasons for the formation of these risks are disclosed, including algorithmic biases, value biases in algorithms, and covert algorithmic control. Finally, risk defense suggestions which are algorithm co-construction, cultural co-creation, and institutional consensus, are provided to achieve the goal of providing effective information services and enhancing cultural identity.