新质生产力正在成为驱动社会政治、经济、文化等方面发展与进步的关键力量，公共图书馆作为公共文化服务领域的重要机构，需要在新的时代背景中得到新的诠释。文章采用逻辑推理方法，以生产力过程逻辑为分析框架，综合新质生产力培育过程中对社会大众能力、认知、素养等方面的要求，围绕新质生产力发展的技术创新驱动特征，阐述了新质生产力发展下的公共图书馆多重角色、推动作用以及实践指向。研究认为，公共图书馆是丰富化知识资源建设者、均衡化知识服务提供者、便捷化知识交流促进者以及普遍化知识利用推动者；通过提供基础性人才支撑、关键性素养提升、发展性场域塑造，为新质生产力的培育和壮大起到显著推动作用，成为新质生产力发展阶段不可忽视的关键要素；未来公共图书馆应当以基本使命为内核、以技术创新为驱动、以制度供给为保障，构建起与新质生产力发展相适应的公共图书馆创新优势。

The new quality productive forces are becoming a pivotal force driving the development and progress of society in politics, economics, culture, and other aspects. Public libraries, as crucial institutions in the field of public cultural services, require new interpretations against the backdrop of this new era. Employing logical reasoning and utilizing the logic of the productivity process as an analytical framework, this article integrates the requirements for the public's abilities, cognition, and literacy in the cultivation of emerging productivity. Centering on the technology innovation-driven characteristics of the new quality productive forces development, the article elucidates the multiple roles, driving effects, and practical orientations of public libraries in the context of emerging productivity development. Public libraries serve as constructors of enriched knowledge resources, providers of balanced knowledge services, facilitators of convenient knowledge exchange, and promoters of universal knowledge utilization. By offering foundational talent support, enhancing critical literacy, and shaping developmental environments, they play a significant role in fostering and expanding emerging productivity, becoming an indispensable element during its development phase. In the future, public libraries should take their fundamental mission as their core, technology innovation as their drive, and institutional supply as their guarantee to establish innovative advantages compatible with the development of emerging productivity.