美国是较早开展循证决策的国家，其循证决策治理在特定社会文化背景和制度环境中持续发展，并逐步形成相对完善的活动体系，对美国循证决策治理的研究也日益受到关注。文章通过回顾活动理论和循证决策治理核心观点，从活动理论视角切入，分析了推动美国循证决策治理体系形成所依托的社会背景因素和内部治理要素，在此基础上构建了包含循证能力建设、循证交流、公共参与循证及循证协作四个子系统在内的美国循证决策治理体系的理论框架，并从工具赋能机制、政策激励机制、利益驱动机制及协同合作机制四个维度探讨了支撑该体系发展与演进的动力机制，最后系统梳理并提出了美国循证决策治理实践中面临的问题与挑战。

The United States is one of the earliest countries to carry out evidence-based policy-making. The governance of its evidence-based policy-making has been developing continuously in a specific social and cultural background and institutional environment, forming a relatively complete activity system, which has attracted the attention of many studies. This article reviews the core viewpoints of activity theory and the governance of evidence-based policy-making, analyzes the social background factors and internal governance elements that promote the formation of the governance activity system of evidence-based policy-making in the US from the perspective of activity theory. On this basis, the article constructs a theoretical analysis framework of the US governance system for evidence-based policy-making, including four subsystems— evidence-based capacity building, evidence-based communication, public participation in evidence-based, and evidence-based collaboration. It also explores the dynamic mechanism that supports the operation and evolution of the system from four dimensions— tool empowerment mechanism, policy incentive mechanism, interest-driven mechanism and collaborative cooperation mechanism. Finally, it systematically sorts out and proposes the problems and challenges faced by the practice of the US governance of evidence-based policy-making.