公共文化服务体系是建设社会主义文化强国的基础工程，客观评价其对于文化消费的影响，有助于充分认识公共文化服务体系的外溢作用、激发文化消费活力、促进文化事业和文化产业协调发展。文章将国家公共文化服务体系示范区创建作为一场准自然实验，借助双重差分模型对东部六省81个地级市的面板数据进行实证分析，考察公共文化服务体系建设与居民文化消费间的因果关系。结果表明，公共文化服务体系建设能够提高城镇居民文化消费水平，且效应随时间递增，其中居民的收入和支出起到了中介作用。但农村居民文化消费没有受到政策的显著影响。这一结果揭示了公共文化服务如何在保障人民基本文化权益的基础上激活文化消费、赋能文化产业。

The public cultural service system is a foundational project for building a strong socialist cultural nation. An objective evaluation of its impact on cultural consumption is conducive to fully understanding the spillover effects of the public cultural service system, stimulating the vitality of cultural consumption, and promoting the coordinated development of cultural affairs and industries. Taking the implementation of the national public cultural service system demonstration area policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and using the Differences-in-Differences (DID) to conduct an empirical analysis of the panel data of 81 prefecture-level cities in six eastern provinces, the paper examines the causality in the level of public cultural services and residents’ cultural consumption. The results indicate that the construction of the public cultural service system can enhance the level of cultural consumption among urban residents, with effects increasing over time, where residents' income and expenditure play a mediating role. However, the cultural consumption of rural residents has not been significantly affected by the policy. This result reveals how public cultural services can activate cultural consumption and empower cultural industries on the basis of safeguarding people's basic cultural rights and interests.