公共数据是数字经济背景下的重要新质生产要素，在公共数据治理方面，迫切需要制定一套获得更多国家认同的治理方案，以促进资源数据，实现公共数据价值最大化。文章采用模糊集定性比较分析法对全球38个国家进行条件组态分析，探究技术、组织和环境三维结构因素对公共数据治理的联动效应及驱动路径，揭示了影响公共数据治理的核心条件和复杂交互的本质。研究结果表明，公共数据治理存在多条前因组态等效解释路径，可归纳为外部数字关系驱动和内部制度驱动两种模式。该结果有助于探索出适应全球发展的多方共治的公共数据治理政策，在公共数据隐私权与开放之间的平衡的基础上，推动构建开放共赢的公共数据治理新格局。

Public data is a crucial new production factor in the context of the digital economy. In public data governance, there is an urgent need to develop a set of solution that gain broader international recognition to promote resource data and maximize the value of public data. This paper uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to conduct conditional combination analysis on 38 countries worldwide, exploring the synergistic effects and driving paths of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on public data governance. It reveals the core conditions and complex interactions that influence public data governance. The findings suggest that there are multiple equivalent explanatory pathways for public data governance, which can be summarized into two models: external digital relationship driven and internal institutional driven. These results help explore multi-stakeholder governance policies for public data that suit global development. Based on balancing public data privacy rights and openness, they promote the establishment of an open and mutually beneficial new framework for public data governance.