科研诚信是科技创新的基石，而科研诚信政策则是健全完善科研诚信工作机制强大的制度保障，文章从科研诚信政策深入探究我国科研诚信建设的责任主体及职责分布，采用科研生命周期理论，通过系统地文献检索、文献筛选，对69份政策文件进行主题分析。结果表明：各级政府和相关行业主管部门是科研诚信建设的领导者，各类科研和管理机构是科研诚信建设的管理者，各类科研和管理人员是科研诚信建设的践行者，各个责任主体在科研生命周期的不同阶段具有不同的职责，分布亦有所侧重。研究有助于明晰我国科研诚信建设的责任主体和职责分布，对进一步推进科研诚信政策建设和深入理解我国科研诚信制度建设的实际具有参考作用。

Research integrity is the cornerstone of scientific and technological innovation, and the policy of research integrity is a strong institutional guarantee for improving the mechanism of research integrity. This paper aims to deeply explore the responsibility subjects and the distribution of responsibilities of research integrity construction in China from the policy of scientific research integrity. Based on the research life cycle theory, 69 policy documents were included for thematic analysis through systematic literature searching and literature screening. Policy document analysis indicates that government at all levels and relevant industry regulatory authorities are the leaders in the construction of research integrity. Various research and management institutions serve as the administrators of research integrity construction, while various research and management personnel act as practitioners. Different responsible entities have varying responsibilities at different stages of the research life cycle. This research helps clarify the responsible entities and the distribution of responsibilities in research integrity construction in China, providing valuable insights for advancing research integrity policy development and gaining a deeper understanding of the practical aspects of research integrity system construction in China.