近代儿童图书馆学的发生是晚清教育改革和分科治学的产物，亦是民初“儿童的发现”之产物。晚清社会遭遇民族危机，广开书阁，形成了以“开启民智”为基本目标的图书馆学思想，12岁以上儿童被正式纳入到读者范畴。继而，得益于民初以来“儿童”观念的重塑，以“提供必需且易晓的知识”为宗旨的儿童图书馆学思想得以萌发。在此基础上，通过“新图书馆运动”的助力，图书馆学作为独立学科的地位为世人所承认，图书馆学人逐渐形成专门的科学共同体，进一步发展了“合于国情”的儿童图书馆学的通用表达方式和共同价值。从儿童图书馆学思想发生发展的历史环境和逻辑入手，重审作为分支学科的儿童图书馆学的历史演进有重要的学术史意义，是理解图书馆学自主知识体系的必要路径。

The children’s library science in modern China was the result of the educational reform and the division of disciplines in the national turbulence of late Qing dynasty. It was also the product of the discovery of children in the early Republic of China. In the late Qing era, when Chinese society was experiencing a worsening national crisis, many state- and privately-owned libraries were constructed, and the library science movement with its primary objective of educating people's wisdom formed. Children beyond the age of 12 were recognized as readers and were allowed to enter libraries. As the concept of children was reshaped in the early Republic of China, the library science thought with the main purpose of providing necessary and understandable knowledge came into being. On this basis, with the help of “New Library Movement”, library science was recognized as an independent discipline. Chinese library scholars began to form a specialized scientific community. What mentioned above further developed children library science’s common expression of conforming to national conditions as well as shared values. Reassessing the development of children library science in the historical context has enormous significance of academic history, which is necessary to understand the independent knowledge system of library science.