探究新兴交叉学科知识元的生存特征及影响因素，有助于从微观层面揭示新兴交叉学科的形成与演进过程，提升对新兴交叉学科发展规律的科学认识。首先，构建多维测度指标量化新兴交叉学科知识元的学科来源和学科影响力属性；然后，采用Kaplan-Meier法构建新兴交叉学科知识元的生存曲线并剖析不同属性知识元生存特征差异；最后，利用Cox比例风险模型探究学科来源和学科影响力对知识元生存时间的影响机制。以医学信息学为例开展实证分析后发现，医学信息学知识元生存曲线呈现先陡降后缓降的趋势，平均生存时间为4.41年。医学信息学新产生的知识元生存时间显著低于原始学科归属为四个关联学科的知识元，关联学科中计算机科学的知识元在医学信息学中的生存风险最高。学科来源复杂度、新兴交叉学科使用频次和学科地位、关联学科热度均与知识元生存时间存在正相关关系。相较于关联学科热度，新兴交叉学科使用频次和新兴交叉学科地位对知识元生存时间影响程度更高。

Focusing on exploring the survival characteristics and influencing factors of emerging interdisciplinary knowledge elements, this study helps reveal the formation and evolution process of emerging interdisciplinary fields from a micro perspective, thus enhancing the scientific understanding of interdisciplinary development laws. Firstly, we construct a multidimensional index system, with which the disciplinary source and disciplinary influence attributes of emerging interdisciplinary knowledge elements are quantified. Then, we employ Kaplan-Meier method for the construction of survival curve and to analyze the differences in survival characteristics of knowledge elements with different attributes. Finally, the Cox regression is used to explore the effects on mechanism of survival time. Taking medical informatics as an example, the empirical analysis shows that the survival curve of medical informatics knowledge elements experiences a rapid decline in the first year and then a slow decline, with an average survival time of 4.41 years. The survival time of newly emerging knowledge elements in medical informatics is significantly lower than that of related disciplines. Among the related disciplines, the knowledge elements of computer science have the highest survival risk. The complexity of disciplinary source, the frequency of use and status of emerging interdisciplinary fields, and the popularity of related disciplines are all positively correlated with the survival time of knowledge elements. Compared with the popularity of related disciplines, the frequency of use and the status of emerging interdisciplinary fields have a higher degree of influence on the survival time of knowledge elements.