政府信息公开、共享与数据开放是相互关联的历史性制度变迁过程。政府信息公开旨在保障公民的知情权，政府数据开放旨在促使政府数据作为生产要素产生创新价值，而政府信息与数据共享则旨在提高政府协同治理能力。文章在概念辨析、政策回顾与文献分析的基础上提出：政府信息公开研究的历史进路为合法性-公开方式-有效性，研究对象进路为政府-信息-公众；政府数据开放的研究进路为价值-风险-效果；政府信息与数据共享的研究进路为障碍-对策-技术实现。在多学科研究体系中，情报学研究主要聚焦于信息相关问题及公众与政府信息和数据的交互。随着制度与技术的成熟，相关研究焦点正在从“要不要?”和“怎么办?”转向“好不好?”，为情报学研究提供了新的机遇。未来情报学相关研究应将公共价值取向与市场价值取向相结合，对政府数据治理、政府信息与数据的有效获取等问题展开研究。

The openness and sharing of government information and data are interrelated historical processes of institutional change. Government information publicity aims to protect citizens' right to know, while government data openness aims to promote government data as a factor of production to produce innovative value. The goal of government information and data sharing is to improve the collaborative governance capability of the government. On the basis of concept discrimination, policy review and literature analysis, this paper proposes that: the historical approach of government information publicity research is legitimacy-publicity method-effectiveness, and its research objects have moved along the path of the government-information-the public; The research approach of government data opening is value-risk-effect; The research approach of government information and data sharing is obstacle-countermeasure-technical realization. In the multidisciplinary research system, information science research mainly focuses on information related issues and the interaction between the public and government information and data. With the maturity of the system and technology, the focus of related research is shifting from "should or should not?" and "how?" to“good or not good?”, providing new opportunities for information science research. In the future, research from the perspective of information science should combine public value orientation with market value orientation, and focus on issues such as data governance, effective public access to government information and data, etc.