文章在概览全球科技奖励制度的基础上,选择主要科技发达国家具有代表性的政府科技奖励，从面向领域、奖励方式、评选标准、评审过程等维度进行详细调研，重点剖析各国政府科技奖励制度的主要特点。比较发现，各国政府科技奖励制度普遍具有多元化、层次性的特点，有共同之处，也存有差异。在明晰主要科技发达国家政府科技奖励制度的经验和优点的基础上，最终提出完善我国政府科技奖励制度的几点建议：重新确立政府科技奖励的战略定位；切实减少政府科技奖励数量；重新分类设立科技奖励类型；规范政府科技奖励的评审流程和评审质量；完善政策促进社会科技奖励充分发展。

On the basis of an overview of the global scientific and technological award system, representative government scientific and technological awards in major developed countries were selected. Secondly,  focus was on analyzing the main characteristics of these representative awards from several dimensions: field-oriented, reward form, assessment criteria, and selection process. Then, it was found that the government scientific and technological award system in different countries was diversified and hierarchical, and there were similarities and differences. Finally, by clarifying the experiences and advantages of the government scientific and technological award system in major developed countries, some suggestions were provided: to re-establish the strategic orientation of government scientific and technological awards; to reduce the number of government scientific and technological awards; to reclassify and establish types of scientific and technological awards; to standardize the selection process and assessment quality of government scientific and technological awards; to improve policies to promote the overall development of social scientific and technological awards.