：文章通过调查研究，分析了近年来国内外专家、学者对开放科学的不同定义，并提出对开放科学的理解和解读，从开放科学各构成要素分析其对研究型图书馆的影响作用，探索分析了当前研究型图书馆面临的发展机遇与挑战。论证了开放科学驱动下研究型图书馆在科学研究中角色的转型升级。研究认为，研究型图书馆应定位于开放环境的构建者与开放科学理念的积极推广者、科研基础设施的专业化建设者、嵌入开放科学研究流程的技术主导者、寻求开放出版潜在的资助者、知识权益的规范守护者、开放科学的评估者与可持续发展的守护者。

This paper analyses the different definitions of open science given by experts and scholars at home and abroad in recent years through investigation and research, and puts forward its own understanding and interpretation of Open Science, and analyses its influence on research libraries from the constituent elements of open science, to explore and analyze the current historical opportunities and challenges of research libraries. It demonstrates that the transformation and upgrading of research libraries' role in scientific research under the background of open science, and tries to orient them precisely. Research libraries should be positioned as active promoters of the open scientific concept; as professional constructors of scientific research infrastructure; as technology leaders embedded in the open scientific research process; as potential sponsors seeking open publishing; and as normative guardians of intellectual rights and interests.