：科研师承关系是在科研活动中呈现出来的一种狭义的师承关系，对科学知识的传承与创新具有重要作用。文章对科研师承的基本内涵、主要效应、研究价值、项目实例以及发展方向进行了梳理与阐释。研究发现：师承关系中传承的不仅是客观科学知识，还有精神品质；师承效应主要包括导师的示范效应、团队的协同效应和导师的社会性职能；师承关系研究有助于加深对科学内部结构、运行方式以及学术传统的理解与构建；我国科研师承关系研究及相关学术谱系数据库的建设目前还处于起步阶段，具有较大的发展空间。

Academic mentorship is a kind of mentorship emerging from scientific research activities that has an important impact on the inheritance and upgrade of scientific knowledge. This study makes a systematic summary on the basic contents, main effects, research values, project cases and future developments of academic mentorship, aiming to provide implications for related research in China. Our main results are: Not only scientific knowledge but also spiritual qualities are passed on through academic mentorships; The effects of mentorship mainly include demonstration effect of mentor, synergetic effect of teamwork, and mentor's social function; Research on academic mentorship is important for the understanding and construction of science's inner structure, operation pattern and academic tradition; Our country's research on academic mentorship and construction of academic genealogy databases has just started and shows a vast space for development.